With the end of the war, Spruance aided in returning American troops home before moving through a succession of engineering postings and destroyer commands. After three days of pre-invasion bombardment, Marines landed on Roi Islet and captured it the same day. Spruances performance at Midway so impressed Admiral Nimitz that he made him his chief of staff. My mind is blank. When Nimitz named him commander of the disputed Central Pacific Area, this made him responsible for the planning and execution of the attack on the Gilbert Islands in November 1943. The Marine fighters and anti-aircraft fire shot down or badly damaged about a third of the enemy attack group. This approach of bypassing Japanese strong points, such as Truk, was applied on a large scale as the Allies devised their strategy for moving across the central Pacific. Richmond Kelly Turner and Harry W. Hill and Marine Generals Holland M. Smith and Julian C. Smith. The Japanese were trying to tow Soryu to safety when she was torpedoed and sunk by the U.S. submarine Nautilus. While screening the American invasion of Saipan in June 1944, Spruance defeated the Japanese fleet in the Battle of the Philippine Sea. Early in his career he was Traveling to the Pacific, he was in this post when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7 forcing the US to enter the war. It was June 4, Admiral Raymond A. Spruance and Admira Fletcher had to engage four Japanese ships in the Battle of Midway. World War II: Admiral Frank Jack Fletcher, World War II: Battle of the Philippine Sea. This was said to be the first time that a four-star admiral took part in a sea action aboard one of the ships engaged. But his service was not yet finished. All four of Japans aircraft carriers were sunk, devastating Japans ambitions in the Pacific. Spruance's seagoing career included command of the destroyers Bainbridge from March 1913 to May 1914, Osborne, three other destroyers, and the battleship Mississippi. "World War II: Admiral Raymond Spruance." He was modest and candid about himself. The U.S. fleet lost fewer men, but it lost a fleet carrier while the Japanese lost only the light carrier Shoho. Admiral Raymond Spruance on the balcony of the U.S. Embassy, Manila, while serving as U.S. For more great articles subscribe to World War II magazine today! For his actions at Iwo Jima and Okinawa, Spruance was awarded the Navy Cross. Flagship of Kakuta. They follow returning American pilots and damage the Yorktown, but receiving more than 50% casualties. Spruance received the Navy Cross for his actions at Iwo Jima and Okinawa.[23]. His entry in Whos Who in America was only three lines long (including his full name), and a footnote in Morisons monumental history of the U.S. Navy in World War II testifies to his modesty. The Americans lost 74 carrier planes; the Japanese 80. During the last year of World War I he was assigned as Assistant Engineer Officer of the New York Naval Shipyard, and carried out temporary duty in London, England and Edinburgh, Scotland. On 13 May 1945, Admiral Raymond Spruance put pen to paper and described the second kamikaze attack he experienced at Okinawa. For about 20 minutes, fighters, dive bombers and torpedo bombers pounded the island, carefully avoiding damaging the runways because the Japanese hoped to eventually use them. Japanese escort carrier that was mainly responsible for launching scouts attached to Combined Fleet main body. Born on 3 July 1886, Spruance graduated from the US Naval Academy in 1906. Admiral William L. Calhoun saw him as a cold-blooded fighting fool. British Royal Navy units helped support the landings. Some people asked why he did not take take advantage of the chaotic scene to attack all of Japans air carriers. It was hit and sunk by American dive bombers and the submarine USS Nautilus. Admiral Raymond A. Spruance, U.S. Navy, April 1955 . Japanese Admiral and a pioneer in aircraft carrier warfare. edward dean spruancegarberiel battery charger manual 26th February 2023 / in what's happening in silsbee, tx today / by / in what's happening in silsbee, tx today / by Naval Academy in 1906,[5] and received further, hands-on education in electrical engineering a few years later. How did Paul's education But what was important about this actionthe first naval battle in history fought by fleets that never came within sight of each otherwas that the U.S. Navy had thwarted the enemys planned capture of Port Moresby in strategic New Guinea. Hiryu class Japanese aircraft carrier that was the flagship of the second detachment of the carrier strike force. The Battle of Midway was a turning point in the Pacific War. Answer: Admiral Yamamoto had hoped to fight a classic-style sea battle with battleships, but Spruance had proved that the aircraft carrier was now emerging as the capital ship of naval combat forces. transmitted as a message) to Rear Admirals Frank Jack Fletcher and Raymond Spruance on the eve of the battle of Midway To quote a U S Navy website, "Nimitz clearly . Admiral Raymond Spruance served in US Navy during World War Two. Admiral Raymond Ames Spruance was a key American naval commander who served in the Pacific Theater of World War II.A graduate of the US Naval Academy, Spruance commanded cruisers during the early months of the conflict and first came to prominence for helping lead American forces to victory at the pivotal Battle of Midway in June 1942. The repulse of the Japanese invasion fleet at Midway, and critically the destruction of the Kido Butai, allowed the U.S. to gain parity in the naval air war. Before Midway, a small and fractional U.S. Navy faced an overwhelmingly larger and battle-hardened Japanese Combined Fleet. The Japanese had been overconfident, and the Americans taught them a bitter lesson. He never did things the same way twice. So he changed course northeastward, avoiding the first wave of dive bombers launched against him from Spruances carriers. Adding to the surprise factor was the fact that Admirals Yamamoto and Nagumo did not believe the U.S. Pacific Fleet was at sea. https://www.historynet.com/admiral-raymond-a-spruance-modest-victor-of-midway/, Jerrie Mock: Record-Breaking American Female Pilot, How Operation Homecoming Was Sprung into Action to Repatriate American POWs. Morisons text refers to Spruance, victor at Midway. US Navy SBD dive bombers at the Battle of Midway, June 4, 1942. The fourth was a choice between Halsey and Spruance, and after much deliberation, eventually Halsey was appointed in December 1945. The Iwo Jima and Okinawa actions lasted from January to May 1945, and in August the Japanese surrendered. Why was Chester W Nimitz important? On December 30, 1914, Spruance married Margaret Vance Dean, the daughter of an Indianapolis businessman. Spruance launched an assault on February 16-17 against Truk, the Japanese Pearl Harbor, at the same time that Admiral Turners forces were attacking Eniwetok Atoll in the Marshalls, about 700 miles to the west. As Allied forces battled on the island, Spruance's ships defeated Operation Ten-Go on April 7 which saw the Japanese battleship Yamato attempt to break through to the island. B. Jim Crow Laws He is responsible for the Japanese battle plan to attack Midway and the Aleutian Islands. Since the Japanese planes were returning from the Midway strike, Spruance ordered that his strike be launched without delay so as to maximize the chances that the Japanese carriers would be caught while landing planes or spotting the next wave. Because of gaps in the search patterns flown by the Japanese, the American carriers were able to approach unseen. Nagumo ordered his planes rearmed on their return. It would become on of the last aircraft carriers to be sunk in a war in all of history during the battle of Leyte Gulf 2-3 years later. This site is using cookies under cookie policy . The Battle of Midway was fought June 4-7, 1942, during World War II (1939-1945) and was the turning point of the war in the Pacific. [25], Spruance was President of the Naval War College from February 1946 until he retired from the Navy in July 1948. At the crucial Battle of Midway your daring and skilled leadership routed the enemy in the full tide of his advance and established the pattern of air-sea warfare which was to lead to his eventual capitulation[24]. HistoryNet.com contains daily features, photo galleries and over 25,000 articles originally published in our nine magazines. During the attacks, the Japanese lost twelve warships, thirty-two merchant ships, and 249 aircraft. The Japanese felt that they had won the encounter. As the island-hopping campaign began, MacArthur continued his . Spruance graduated from the U.S. Spruance's first duty assignment was aboard the battleship USSIowa, an 11,400 ton veteran of the SpanishAmerican War. D. Suburban America, 100 POINTS! No detail was too small to bring these American prisoners home. Admiral Spruance could have been right. About us| After Midway, although the Japanese still held a temporary advantage in vessels and planes, the U.S. Navy and the nation gained confidence and, most critically, time. For his actions, Spruance received the Distinguished Service Medal and, later that month, Nimitz named him as his Chief of Staff and Aide. He was dragged out of his flagship Akagi before it sank against his will. It was the only aircraft carrier in the presence of Midway Island to survive the dive bomber attack and launched two and a half waves of planes against the United States Navy. The American losses were Yorktown, destroyer Hammann and 147 planes. For exceptionally meritorious service During the Midway engagement which resulted in the defeat of and heavy losses to the enemy fleet, his seamanship, endurance, and tenacity in handling his task force were of the highest quality., (Citation on Rear Admiral Spruances Navy Distinguished Service Medal, awarded for his conduct at the Battle of Midway). Having been promoted to rear admiral in December 1939, he was directed to assume command of the Tenth Naval District (San Juan, PR) in February 1940. Yet because of his modest, retiring nature, Spruance was never a popular hero in the manner of Admirals Nimitz, William F. Halsey and Marc A. Mitscher. World War II: Fleet Admiral William Halsey Jr. World War II Pacific: The Japanese Advance Stopped, M.S., Information and Library Science, Drexel University, B.A., History and Political Science, Pennsylvania State University. Spruance was detached from command of the Fifth Fleet on November 8, 1945, and he relieved Fleet Admiral Nimitz as commander in chief of the U.S. Pacific Fleet and Pacific Ocean areas. John C. Waldron. Yet because of his modest, retiring nature, Spruance was never a popular hero in the manner of Admirals Nimitz, William F. Halsey and Marc A. Mitscher. He was uniquely modest and candid about himself all his life. It was a cool, clear day. To the Aleutians, the Japanese dispatched an invasion task force of three transports carrying 2,400 troops, supported by two heavy cruisers, a two-carrier support force and a covering group of four battleships. Then he returned to the Naval War College as a staff member. 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