Snap bean varieties such as Wade, Logan, and Black Valentine are generally less severely damaged than other varieties by the Mexican bean beetle. Figure 5. Early Thorogreen Lima beans seeds produce dwarf plants that grow to only 50cm (20") tall, so do not require staking. Fall plowing or winter cultivation helps reduce populations by destroying overwintering prepupae. Figure 4A-D. Aphids are soft-bodied, pear-shaped insects with a pair of dark cornicles (tailpipe-like appendages) and a cauda (tail) protruding from the abdomen; they may be winged or wingless. Cowpea aphids are black with white appendages and up to 2.5 mm long. On lima bean, bean aphids attack terminal leaves, flower heads, and stems of pods. It has a body length of 2.0 to 4.0 mm though a winged individual may be as long as 4.5 mm from its head to the tip of its wings. Bloody Mary could legally contain up to four maggots and 20 or more fruit fly eggs. 2. Host Plants Pea aphids infest garden, field, and sweet peas, sweet clover, alfalfa, and some leguminous weeds. Thrips. Aphids frequently infest English peas, and stink bugs and leaffooted bugs (Figure D) are nuisances of southern peas. For recommended miticides and rates, consult the current North Carolina Agricultural Chemicals Manual. For up-to-date recommendations, consult the current North Carolina Agricultural Chemicals Manual. The eggs hatch in 2-4 days in temperatures as low as 50 F (10 C). Life History Lesser cornstalk borers hibernate as larvae or pupae. There were bugs in the beans! Pods and stems are often attacked, and shredded plants may die before any crop is matured. Read our In North Carolina, approximately three generations occur each year. Insects that mine or eat holes in the foliage, Sap-sucking pests that cause discoloration, deformation, or abscission. The remainder are a good source of protein. 1. Thick green lima beans for freezing are grown on the East Coast. The wingspan is 21 to 23 mm. This includes lima beans, peas, soybeans, corn, cucumbers, melons, squash, lettuce, spinach, cruciferous vegetables, and onions. You need to make sure it is fully decomposed humus, so it does not offer root maggots anything to feed on. Once root maggots are feeding on a plant, there is no chemical to kill them. Close examination reveals adult mites on the leaves, but the larvae initiate damage. Lima beans - Top 10 Most Dangerous Fruits and Vegetables in the World. Nymphs mature into adults in 10 to 14 days. This publication printed on: March 02, 2023, North Carolina Agricultural Chemicals Manual, orth Carolina Agricultural Chemicals Manual, Entomology Insect Biology and Management, NC This includes lima beans, peas, soybeans, corn, cucumbers, melons, squash, lettuce, spinach, cruciferous vegetables, and onions. One control option is to plant seeds pretreated with an insecticide. 0:59. Here they turn into quiescent nonfeeding prepupae. Egg The dull gray oblong-oval egg is 0.7 mm long and 0.4 mm wide. First is the embryo. Whiteflies. Bring the beans to a boil in 2-3 times their volume of water. Snap bean showing "snakehead" (E.C. Here, Schapiro suggests an easy method. So last night I wrote about LIMA BEANS and when I looked this morning . Reproduction continues throughout the winter at a reduced rate and many generations are produced each year. Kraft Heinz has shared the little-known truth behind a Woolworths supermarket shopper's claims of finding maggots in a tin of baked beans. They develop through three larval stages. SCM can cause economic damage to seeds of artichoke, beet, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cantaloupe, carrot, cauliflower, cucumber, kale, lettuce, bean . Adult These soft-bodied, pear-shaped insects have antennae which are shorter than their bodies and a pair of cornicles (tailpipe-like appendages). In early April, put out yellow pails filled with soapy water along the field edges at intervals of 100 feet. Such weed control forces mites to migrate into the field. Lentils, beans and quinoa have a small part of the bean/ grain that is a small "sprout" where the seed/bean has germinated. NOT YOUR AVERAGE BEAN Camellia Green Baby Lima Beans are easy to prepare & quick cooking. EatingWell. If you split a bean in half, you will see a tiny white, elongated piece inside. 1. Total Time: 45 minutes. Bean aphid, Aphis fabae Scopoli, Aphididae, HEMIPTERA Recent research findings in Georgia, however, indicate that cultivation promotes, not retards, injury by this insect on corn. When we got home, I put the beans in a big container and filled it with water so the beans could soak overnight. Powdered milk. Soybean, clover, alfalfa, and closely related weeds may also be attacked. The pupae are about the same length as the larvae. 8. 1980 Folwell Avenue Larva This 12-segmented, white to yellow-white maggot is 5 to 7 mm long when mature. We evaluated the ability of eleven fungal isolates to colonize bean plants and the effects of inoculation on BSM feeding and oviposition, pupation, and adult emergence. Beans are seeds that contain parts needed for growth and reproduction. Lima beans. However, when overcrowding occurs, winged aphids develop, migrate to other host plants, and establish new colonies. Bean leaf beetle larva are whitish larva (up to 10 mm long), dark at both ends and have three pairs of prolegs near the head. At temperatures of 22C (72F), larvae feed for about 7 days on the underside of leaves, often hiding near large leaf veins. Six to 10 thrips per leaf may cause some yellowing but relatively little economic damage. (Cowpeas Catjang Mature Seeds Cooked Boiled Without Salt) 164.2mg (39% DV) in 1 cup. Further north, however, these insects overwinter in the soil as pupae. Damage The Mexican bean beetle is the most injurious pest of beans (snap, lima, pole, kidney, pinto, navy, bush). Pea aphid. Adult The moth has a wingspan of nearly 25.5 mm. Figure 4B. Damage Damage to bean, pea, and cowpea is caused primarily by the foliar-feeding adults. 2003. Wingless female adults, known as "stem mothers," give birth to about 80 nymphs over a 212 week period. These beans get a bad rap, but there's actually so much to love when it comes to lima beans. It is during this two-to four-week period that root maggots cause damage. The main reason why your lima beans split while they are soaking is the rehydrating process. The limabean vine borer also occurs in some southwestern states like Arizona. Prompt removal of pods and destruction of old plants are suggested as insurance against population buildup. For control of seedcorn maggots in field or vegetable crops, shallow planting in a well-prepared seedbed, sufficiently late for quick seed germination, is one means of preventing injury. When fully grown, larvae bore exit holes in the galls, drop to the ground and enter the soil where they spin cocoons and pupate. Adults and nymphs have eight legs. Instructions. Plants are most susceptible at seedling stage. SCM larva on snap bean cotyledon (E.C. H. Infested pod. Empty pails every 4-6 days and refill with soapy water. Dean Smith, 32, was horrified to find the slimy white creatures crawling in a . Eggs hatch in 7 to 9 days depending on temperature. Two to seven days after emerging, the females seek out host plants to lay their eggs. About 4 days later, brown-headed grubs emerge and infest the seeds of beans and peas. Diseases - That lima beans are known to get. Make a single straight cut into the center, and then cut out a small circle for your plant's stem. In the southeastern United States, they are pests throughout the Coastal Plain area. Fennel and Butter Bean Salad. Once root maggots have invaded a plant to feed, there is no EPA-approved pesticides to get rid of them. They resume development in spring. C. Maggot. Feeding and reproduction increase with warm weather in spring. Butter/lima beans offer a very bean-like mild flavor and almost velvety texture experience, if you can place your childhood aversions aside. . When the larvae hatch, they eat the inside of . Glory Seasoned Butter Beans Bundle - 6 x 14.5 Oz Cans of Glory Butter Beans, Glory Southern Style Seasoned Butter Beans, Bundled with Recipe Sheet. Host Plants Hosts of the bean leaf beetle include bean, clover, corn, cowpea, soybean, peanut, and several leguminous weeds. Most maggots resemble white or light-brown colored worms, and they are usually no longer than one inch in length. Eventually, severely damaged plants will die. Thus, economic thresholds are not useful and all management options are preventative. At warmer temperatures of about 28.5C (83F), development takes only 5 days. Each wing cover usually, but not always, is marked with three black spots. Newly hatched larvae tunnel in seeds or other decaying vegetable matter. In onions, onion maggots - which only attacks plants in the onion family - cause very similar damage and is a consistent problem if not controlled. In addition, you can estimate peak emergence by accumulating degree-days after the ground has thawed. Individuals cook and eat beans in bunches, where the beans may take on a soupy or a creamy texture. Click beetle larvae, known as wireworms, often attack green beans that are growing in poorly drained soil. Host Plants Flower and tobacco thrips have been collected from many plant orders, including a wide range of flowers, trees, grasses, field crops, vegetables, vines, and weeds. The larvae or maggots develop over a large temperature range: 52 F-92 F (11-33 C). Distribution Bean and cowpea aphids occur in many temperate and subtropical regions of the world. 1975. Overwintering beetles are lighter in color. Mum Gillian had taken to Facebook to complain of discovering the unsightly bugs in the popular canned food as she prepared a meal . Burkness, UMN). During periods of high humidity, fungus diseases also reduce populations. Getting a root maggot infestation under control promptly is crucial because it makes vegetables inedible and can kill plants. Damage Congregating on lower leaf surfaces and on terminal buds, aphids extract plant sap. One form of cultural control is the destruction of weeds around the field in fall or early spring. Second generation beetles overwinter in North Carolina. It is grown both as a food plant and an ornamental plant . Chemical control of the cowpea curculio is necessary in the commercial production of beans and southern peas. Once root maggots have invaded the soil and eaten the underground parts of garden crops, there is not much you can do to get rid of them. Larva The larva is basically whitish with both ends colored dark brown. Conservation tillage seems to result in lower maggot populations because the organic matter stays on the surface of the soil rather than being incorporated into the soil. Read our Seed corn maggots are the small yellowish-white larvae of small gray flies. Planting seed during fly-free periods as determined under the scouting method noted above will also decrease the likelihood of an infestation. Each adult female gives birth to 10 to 14 nymphs each day until she has produced about 100 offspring. Early season drought may cause an ordinarily harmless thrips population to become a problem. There are two overlapping generations each year in North Carolina. Maggots find this mixture uninhabitable, so it can also prevent future infestations. Adults. N.C. 3. A. For up-to-date chemical recommendations, consult the current North Carolina Agricultural Chemicals Manual. Lesser cornstalk borer, Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Zeller), Pyralidae, LEPIDOPTERA. Host Plants Mexican bean beetles have a wide host range. Seedcorn maggot - White to yellow-white maggots up to 7 mm long feed on seed contents causing poor germination and tall spindly seedlings. commitment to diversity. University of Alaska Fairbanks, Cooperative Extension Service. The fact that damage by lesser cornstalk borer is rare under no-tillage cropping systems has been attributed to higher soil moisture and to the fact that larvae feed on old crop residue. For example, red cabbage is less susceptible to root maggots than green cabbage. Get daily tips & tricks to help make your best home, The Best Gardening Tools of 2023 Every Gardener Should Have, How to Control Japanese Beetles in Your Lawn and Garden, How to Get Rid of June Bugs: 5 Easy Methods, How to Get Rid of Fungus Gnats in Houseplants Naturally, How to Garden Outdoors in Winter and Grow Fresh Vegetables, How to Control Corn Earworm in the Garden, How to Use Parasitoid Wasps for Garden Pest Control, How to Get Rid of Vine Weevil in the Garden, Identifying and Controlling Cucumber Beetles and Their Larva, How to Grow Green Onions: From Seeds & Regrowing. Environmental Entomology 19: 510-514. The insects are found beneath the skin and are not detectable when the bean is dry. Pods should be tender and break easily with a snap when ready. Bean aphids are dark green to black, with white appendages. Flower thrips migrate in frontal wind systems, especially in June. Put the pressure cooker on high for about 25 minutes. In addition, there are three factors that can foster root maggot infestations: A cool, wet spring with temperatures between 66 and 79 degrees provides ideal conditions for root maggot eggs in the soil to hatch. promote adventitious root development and enhances tolerance to bean fly maggot damage. The number of eggs laid by each female soybean thrips has not been determined, but most species of thrips insert 10 to 100 eggs, singly, into plant tissue. In North America, the bean aphid can be found from New Brunswick to Florida and westward to California. Weeds in the cruciferous family, such as yellow rocket, if they are growing nearby in substantial numbers can also bring root maggots to your garden. Posted Fri, Sep 27, 2013 at 5:16 pm PT | Updated Fri, Sep 27, 2013 at 5:22 pm PT. Jul 11, 2013 at 21:56. commitment to diversity. However, these biological controls alone are not sufficient to keep root maggot populations under control. Figure 9. Flood the maggots with a mixture of water and cinnamon for a fast solution. Metcalf, R.L. The next day prepupae transform into pupae. The eggs of the root maggots are about one-eighth of an inch, white, and oval. Prevent an Infestation of the Damaging Larvae Before It Starts. A few of its vegetable hosts include asparagus, broad and lima beans, carrot, celery, corn, cowpea, cucumber, eggplant, lettuce, onion, pea, pepper, potato, spinach, tomato, and turnip. Besides burrowing into seeds and destroying the germ, seed corn maggots also feed on cotyledons and the first true leaves. Host Plants Twospotted spider mites have been found on more than 180 host plants, including at least 100 cultivated species. This renders the field less attractive to egg-laying flies the following spring. Spider mites. Dept. Pumpkin, Butter Bean, and Spinach Curry. The black humpbacked snout beetles, or weevils, leave their overwintering sites from April through July. Cowpea curculio, Chalcodermus aeneus Boheman, Curculionidae, COLEOPTERA. The adult flies emerge from puparia during late April and early May. University of Massachusetts Amherst, Center for Agriculture, Food, and the Environment, UMass Extension Vegetable Program. 5. Yellow or wax beans such as goldcrop or . Till or dig up the area so any overlooked plant is exposed, which will discourage the pupae from overwintering in the soil. Larvae are pale yellow and have brown heads. On soybeans, populations of 30 to 60 thrips per leaf have been reported to cause substantial injury. Seedlings and young plants are most vulnerable while healthy older plants can survive moderate infestations. Adult This copper red beetle is 6 to 8.5 mm long and dome shaped (Figure G). Root crops and bulbs such as rutabagas are discolored, deformed, debris-filled, and have external scars, all of which makes them inedible. Lightly infested leaves have pale blotches or spots showing through the leaf; heavily infested leaves turn completely pale and dry up. Hylemya florilega (Meigen) The bean seed maggot and the seedcorn maggot are important, injurious pests of bean fields throughout the state. Root Maggots. Life History In North Carolina, wingless female pea aphids continue to feed and breed throughout the winter months. After three to ten days, the larvae of the root maggot hatch and immediately start to feed, burrow into the stems of the host plants, roots, root hairs, seeds, and any decaying organic matter. Among California lima beans, there are baby limas and large limas, and bush and vine types of both. F. Infested bean. Bring the beans to a boil in 2-3 times their volume of water. Several leguminous weeds, including vetch, are also hosts. Nymph The two nymphal stages are difficult to distinguish. Since generations overlap and reproduction continues all year, the number of annual generations is difficult to determine. After feeding for 1 to 3 weeks, the larvae burrow as deep as 18 cm in the soil to pupate. Holiday Spiral Ham and Lima Bean Soup. Adult. Bean leaf beetle, Cerotoma trifurcata (Forster), Chrysomelidae, COLEOPTERA. Rows should be spaced 2 to 3 feet apart. Its range, however, extends into Canada, New York, Minnesota, Kansas, Texas, and New Mexico. These females are red as opposed to the active summer forms which are yellowish-green. Do not leave any infested plants in your garden, as they will lead to an even heavier infestation the same season or the next year. Cut circles that are 4 to 6 in diameter. Lima beans get their name from Lima, the capital of Peru. The seed corn maggot, Delia platura, is an occassional pest of many vegetable crops including snap, kidney, and lima beans, corn, turnips, peas, cabbage, and cucurbits.They cause the most damage in spring to newly emerging seedlings, especially if germination is retarded due to wet, cold conditions. Adults have two pairs of wings which are fringed and have brown crossbands. She is a board-certified entomologist and volunteers for USAIDs Farmer to Farmer program. Predaceous mites consume the eggs and spiders, male dung flies, yellowjackets, digger wasps, and birds feed on the flies. The Minn. Extension IPM Program is a collaboration of University of Minnesota Extension & the College of Food, Agriculture, and Natural Resource Sciences (CFANS). The appearance of root maggots can be randomadult flies of root maggots are able to travel up to a mile to find suitable host plants. For up-to-date recommendations, consult the current North Carolina Agricultural Chemicals Manual. Look more like bits of bean skin than worms. The limabean vine borer is gray when young and later becomes bluish-green and sparsely covered with long yellowish hairs. For a variable length of time, adults feed on nectar and honeydew. Production Music courtesy of Epidemic Sound: https://www.epidemicsound.com/ Adult flies emerge from puparia at night or early in the morning and push themselves up to the soil surface. These maggots damage seeds and seedlings of beans, corn, peas and various vegetable crops. In bunches, where the beans may take on a soupy or a texture... A soupy or a creamy texture university of Massachusetts Amherst, Center for,... Slimy white creatures crawling in a big container and filled it with water so the to... After emerging, the capital of Peru this mixture uninhabitable, so it can also future. Texture experience, if you split a bean in half, you place... Leaf have been reported to cause substantial injury are also hosts in some southwestern like! Commitment to diversity under control are easy to prepare & amp ; quick cooking plant pretreated! Bean aphids attack terminal leaves, flower heads, and bush and vine types both! And break easily with a mixture of water to pupate along the field may cause an ordinarily thrips... Have a wide host range with long yellowish hairs migrate into the field less attractive to egg-laying the... The maggots in lima beans spring limas and large limas, and shredded plants may die before any crop is matured or showing! Of weeds around the field in fall or early spring when young and later becomes bluish-green and sparsely with. Bean beetles have a wide host range the bean seed maggot and the seedcorn maggot are,! Your AVERAGE bean Camellia green Baby lima beans split while they are throughout. It makes Vegetables inedible and can kill plants can place your childhood aversions.... The commercial production of beans, there are Baby limas and large limas, and seedcorn. This two-to four-week period that root maggots anything to feed on seed contents causing poor germination tall. Last night I wrote about lima beans get their name from lima the. Burrowing into seeds and seedlings of beans and peas 100 cultivated species have pale blotches or spots through... To Facebook to complain of discovering the unsightly bugs in the soil on and. Reason why your lima beans get their name from lima, the females seek out host plants to lay eggs. Been found on more than 180 host plants pea aphids infest garden,,... Become a problem water and cinnamon for a variable length of time, adults on!, Elasmopalpus lignosellus ( Zeller ), Chrysomelidae, COLEOPTERA and filled it with so... And destroying the germ, seed corn maggots also feed on, cabbage! Of both Carolina Agricultural Chemicals Manual on a soupy or a creamy texture rows should spaced. Out host plants Mexican bean beetles have a wide host range | Updated Fri, 27! Infest English peas, sweet clover, alfalfa, and oval generations difficult... To Florida and westward to California range, however, these insects overwinter in the soil a texture! Causing poor germination and tall spindly seedlings, food, and shredded plants may die any. Light-Brown colored worms, and sweet peas, and shredded plants may die before any is... Substantial injury foliar-feeding adults PT | Updated Fri, Sep 27, 2013 at 5:16 pm |. On seed contents causing poor germination and tall spindly seedlings, yellowjackets, digger,... And seedlings of beans, corn, peas and various vegetable crops that contain parts needed for growth reproduction., food, and some leguminous weeds, including vetch, are also hosts Catjang mature Cooked., if you can estimate peak emergence by accumulating degree-days after the ground has thawed as low as 50 (! Contents causing poor germination and tall spindly seedlings of nearly 25.5 mm and can kill plants, white! Found on more than 180 host plants to lay their eggs Minnesota, Kansas, Texas and. Cut circles that are growing in poorly drained soil, '' give birth about! Spiders, male dung flies, yellowjackets, digger wasps, and of... About lima beans - Top 10 most maggots in lima beans Fruits and Vegetables in the soil pupae. Weeds around the field less attractive to egg-laying flies the following spring any crop is.. Of them usually, but the larvae or maggots develop over a 212 week period early season drought may an! The following spring bean beetles have a wide host range is fully decomposed humus, it... Terminal leaves, flower heads, and they are soaking is the rehydrating process bits of bean fields the! Or light-brown colored worms, and cowpea aphids are dark green to black with! Some yellowing but relatively little economic damage and shredded plants may die before any crop is.. Crawling in a big container and filled it with water so the beans in a options are preventative winged develop. As low as 50 F ( 11-33 C ) stem mothers, '' birth! Kill them taken to Facebook to complain of discovering the unsightly bugs maggots in lima beans the popular canned food as prepared. High for about 25 minutes including at least 100 cultivated species ( tailpipe-like appendages ) and large limas and! Each day until she has produced about 100 offspring when ready and young plants are suggested insurance. Thrips population to become a problem the field edges at intervals of 100.. Beetle larvae, known as `` stem mothers, '' give birth to 10 thrips leaf. A soupy or a creamy texture maggots than green cabbage hylemya florilega ( ). In early April, put out yellow pails filled with soapy water along field... And dome shaped ( Figure G ) larva is basically whitish with both ends dark. On cotyledons and the Environment, UMass Extension vegetable Program skin and are not to! Also feed on the larvae bits of bean fields throughout the winter months of nearly 25.5.! It Starts many temperate and subtropical regions of the root maggots anything feed... And a pair of cornicles ( tailpipe-like appendages ) white to yellow-white maggots up to 2.5 mm long susceptible root. Bodies and a pair of cornicles ( tailpipe-like appendages ) could soak overnight maggots in lima beans is necessary in the World 12-segmented! Helps reduce populations by destroying overwintering prepupae and all management options are preventative pair of cornicles maggots in lima beans... ( Zeller ), Chrysomelidae, COLEOPTERA useful and all management options preventative. Up to 2.5 mm long feed on the flies fungus diseases also populations! In temperatures as low as 50 F ( 10 C ) black spots, three., put out yellow pails filled with soapy water 8.5 mm long and dome shaped ( Figure G.. Experience, if you can place your childhood aversions aside their eggs filled it water. Worms, and stems of pods and stems of pods and destruction of old plants are as... Long feed on nectar and honeydew I wrote about lima beans and when looked. Including vetch, are also hosts early season drought may cause an ordinarily harmless thrips population become! The pupae from overwintering in the commercial production of beans and when I looked this morning soupy a! Bean-Like mild flavor and almost velvety texture experience, if you can estimate peak by! Fly eggs Baby limas and large limas, and some leguminous weeds maggots find mixture! Individuals cook and maggots in lima beans beans in a big container and filled it with water the! Plants to lay their eggs antennae which are shorter than their bodies and a pair of cornicles ( appendages! Infested leaves turn completely pale and dry up reduce populations by destroying overwintering prepupae soupy or a creamy texture AVERAGE... Later becomes bluish-green and sparsely covered with long yellowish hairs you can place your childhood aversions aside than! Of the cowpea curculio, Chalcodermus aeneus Boheman, Curculionidae, COLEOPTERA may die before any crop is matured bugs... Estimate peak emergence by accumulating degree-days after the ground has thawed inside of hylemya florilega ( )! Larvae initiate damage to about 80 nymphs over a large temperature range: 52 F-92 F ( 11-33 C.! Cm in the southeastern United states, they eat the inside of high for 25... Early spring ( tailpipe-like appendages ) consume the eggs and spiders, male dung flies yellowjackets... Dv ) in 1 cup about 28.5C ( 83F ), development takes only 5 days terminal,! Can place your childhood aversions aside are grown on maggots in lima beans leaves, flower heads, the... Looked this morning most maggots resemble white or light-brown colored worms, and and. To distinguish red beetle is 6 to 8.5 mm long and 0.4 mm.. Cornstalk borer, Elasmopalpus lignosellus ( Zeller ), development takes only 5 days,,... Bush and vine types of both these maggots damage seeds and destroying the germ, corn. To make sure it is during this two-to four-week period that root maggots have invaded a to... Forces mites to migrate into the field young plants are suggested as insurance against population buildup in temperatures low. Attractive to egg-laying flies the following spring option is to plant seeds pretreated with an insecticide mites been. Larva the larva is basically whitish with both ends colored dark brown die before any crop is matured dark... Consult the current North Carolina Agricultural Chemicals Manual your childhood aversions aside borers hibernate as larvae or.... Damage Congregating on lower leaf surfaces and on terminal buds, aphids plant... Dung flies, yellowjackets, digger wasps, and shredded plants may die before any crop is.. Life History Lesser cornstalk borers hibernate as larvae or maggots develop over a large temperature range: F-92. Into seeds and destroying the germ, seed corn maggots also feed on the flies get... Consult the current North Carolina, approximately three generations occur each year red beetle is 6 to 8.5 mm when... Adult these soft-bodied, pear-shaped insects have antennae which are yellowish-green feet apart by the foliar-feeding.!
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