D.It showed Roosevelt could be flexible when negotiating with the Soviet Union. Soviet mistrust of Western intentions. B) instituted the systematic extermination of German Jews. "My father got hired at Henry Ford's plant building B-24 bombers, and he managed to save enough money to buy a family car." After World War II, the American people continued to oppose increased immigration. ", c.) D. Japanese Americans feared that Japan would try to punish them for siding with the United States in the war. limiting further U.S. casualties A. How did Hitler gain territory between 1930-1938? As a consequence, African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and American women became more aggressive in trying to win their full freedoms and civil rights as guaranteed by the Declaration of Independence and U.S. Constitution during the postwar era. It is our obligation to our deadit is our sacred obligation to their children and to our childrenthat we must never forget what we have learned. C) World War I and the Spanish Civil War After the United States entered World War II, immigrants from which of the following countries became eligible for U.S. citizenship? a.) They sought peace through isolation and throughout the 1920s advocated a policy of disarmament and nonintervention. A) process the forced deportation of German Jews to other countries. Both collections are included in this presentation. The origins of the policy may be traced back to the 1938 decision by the US to permit weapons sales to Great Britain and France on a "cash and carry" basis. defend New York City against a nuclear attack. C.It endorsed national self-determination for the post-war world. D. The 1951 Convention defines the obligations of signatory nations to refugees, and vice versa. Five million women entered the workforce between 1940-1945. The result is a portrait of everyday life in America as the United States entered World War II. It was difficult for him to gauge where the Allies would strike next. A. Even the 300,000 combat deaths suffered by Americans paled in comparison to any other major belligerent. "We arranged sit-ins and other protests around Washington, D.C., as a part of our Double V Campaign." his skillful handling of the Allied offensive at Normandy. A. At the Potsdam Conference, the They underestimated Japan's ability to project military force in the Pacific. A) officially recognizing the state of Israel. On December 8, Joseph Goebbels described Adolf Hitler as exceptionally happy when he learned the news. This presentation was made possible with the generous support of the Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute and the New Deal Network. On December 8, 1941 (the day after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor), Alan Lomax, then "assistant in charge" of the Archive of American Folk Song (now the American Folklife Center archive), sent a telegram to fieldworkers in ten different localities across the United States, asking them to collect "man-on-the-street" reactions of ordinary Americans to the bombing of Pearl Harbor and the subsequent declaration of war by the United States. What ultimately prevented the Nazis from conquering Great Britain in 1940? U.S. code breakers had intercepted the Japanese plans. a.) After the Day of Infamy: "Man-on-the-Street" Interviews Following the Attack on Pearl Harbor presents approximately twelve hours of opinions recorded in the days and months following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, from more than two hundred individuals in cities and towns across the United States. President Truman feared a second Japanese attack on American soil. On May 19, 1921, President Warren Harding signed the Quota Act of 1921 (also known as the Emergency Quota Act). Visa applications were placed before an interdepartmental review committee consisting of representatives of the Visa Division, Immigration and Naturalization Service, FBI, Military Intelligence Division of the War Department, and the Navy Departments Office of Naval Intelligence. Sources. D. The 1924 law capped quota immigration at 164,667 people per year. Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States entered World War II and financed the Allied war effort, and helped defeat Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy in the European theater. 3, Two days later, on December 11, 1941, Adolf Hitler declared war on the United States, and Benito Mussolini of Italy followed suit. D. A. WACs worked in factories that produced weapons for the war effort. Japanese Americans were allowed to serve in the military. The War Manpower Commission, a Federal Agency established to increase the manufacture of war materials, had the . Students reflect on, gather evidence for, and discuss the unit writing prompt in its entirety. Which series of events is arranged in the correct chronological order? After the United States entered World War II, A. the federal government seized control of factories in order to increase war production. President Harry S. Truman favored a liberal immigration policy toward displaced persons (DPs). c.) Why did the Allies decide to wage a campaign in North Africa rather than the European mainland? In the final phases of World War II in Europe, They were historically significant. View the list of all donors. Depression; Isolationists thought aid would prolong the Depression. B) the end of World War II. C) was a government agency that worked with the Red Cross to rescue Jews in Eastern Europe. The legislation never made it out of committee for a vote. C. opposition to policies requiring racial segregation of factory workers. Wallace was born on January 9, 1922 in Salt Lake City, Utah and registered for the draft on June 30, 1942. A. After the United States intervened militarily in Vietnam in the mid-1960s, however, this political consensus began to break down. B. TTY: 202.488.0406, In 1929, immigration was further limited to a total of 153,879 and the new quotas were re-calculated using complicated math based on the existing national origins of the population as reflected in the 1920 census and the new immigration cap. A) the Axis pushed back the Allied advance from the Soviet Union. Public anti-immigration sentiment remained strongin May 1938, only 23% of Americans were in favor of the immigration of German refugeesand these congressmen believed that legislation reducing immigration would prevail if the subject came up for debate. With the support of President Gerald Ford, Congress passed a law in 1975 to allow more than 130,000 South Vietnamese and Cambodians to enter the United States, and President Jimmy Carter permitted 15,000 refugees who had escaped southeast Asia by boat to become permanent US residents in 1977. Why were Jewish refugees on the ocean liner St. Louis turned away while trying to enter the United States in 1939? Japan had also developed the atomic bomb b.) Congress finally passed a Displaced Persons Act only reluctantly, and without public hearings. What was the effect of Hitler's blitzkrieg tactics? A. A. racial tensions related to the huge influx of laborers from Mexico. How was the federal government able to borrow money from U.S. citizens? D. demonstrate their support for Germany and Italy. C. D. General Marshall was too valuable to remove from his position as Army Chief of Staff. D. A) one million people. Our headquarters are located at: 89 South Street, Suite 401, Boston, MA 02111. They had significant military value that helped to keep Japan in the war. What did the dictators of totalitarian systems have in common? B) the prosecution of Nazi war criminals in the Nuremberg Trials A. What events is the preamble referring to in this excerpt? The _____ was a turning point in the war between the United States and Japan and first demonstrated the success of the island-hopping strategy. A. D) more than 20 years. Kristallnacht is the name given to describe The IRO ceased operations on January 31, 1952, as most of its work had been taken over by other organizations, most significantly the United Nations High Commission on Refugees, an office created in 1951. avenging the attack on Pearl Harbor In 1951, the United Nations adopted the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, which has been signed by 145 nations. The act allowed approximately 190,000 refugees, escapees, and expellees to arrive in the United States before the legislation expired in 1956. A) the drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights He warned that there were "hard and bitter days ahead," but pledged that the United States and its allies would "have Ukraine's back" as the war . Other countries fared worse: Poland, with a prewar Jewish population of 3.5 million, had a quota of 6,524, and Romania, with a Jewish population of nearly a million, had a quota of 377. Before the Holocaust, approximately how much of Europe's Jewish population lived in Poland? The Corps offered scholarships for tuition and fees, stipends, and uniforms to women ages 17-35 who went . The United Nations succeeded where the League of Nations failed largely due to A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 2 B. destroy ships and planes that threatened their expansion efforts. Wallace would later become a crucial part of the US Navy, and serve as a Corpsman in the Pacific Theater. This was the first time refugees gained distinct legal status under international law. Prevention of Soviet expansion in Asia. How did the United States government and American people respond to Nazism? C. The United States declared war on the German Empire on April 6, 1917, nearly three years after World War I started. B. What is the World War II? In the Soviet Union, a "cult of personality" developed around Stalin. C. the military did not expand quickly until after the creation of the draft. C. Did not destroy all airfare B. Hours later, the United States declared war on both countries. C. It gave Germany new territory as the Soviets tried to appease Hitler. Examine the history of the United States' entrance into World War II following the attack on Pearl Harbor. Sicily and the fall of Mussolini, July-August 1943. B. the economy failed to improve. ", Choose the statement that describes an economic consequence of the United States as an "arsenal of democracy." World War II changed both the type of work women did and the volume at which they did it. Facing History & Ourselves uses lessons of history to challenge teachers and their students to stand up to bigotry and hate. In exchange, refugees must abide by the laws and regulations of the country of asylum. Pressure from China, a.) General Patton had already turned down the position. . In an attempt to prevent American interference in the Pacific war, Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, the US naval station in Hawaii, in a surprise attack on December 7, 1941. C. the brutal nature of the war in the Pacific. Those who have committed crimes against peace, war crimes, or non-political crimes outside of their country of refuge, are not eligible for refugee status. China. Insisting that a penny saved is a penny earned, Benjamin Franklin was well known for his___ ways. drastically cut back its defense industries. The rescue worker wouldn't leave the building without the little boy. Millions of men and women entered military service and saw parts of the world they would likely never have seen otherwise. For this reason, the Library has edited the Washington, D.C., audiotapes and transcripts to remove interviewee names. 1,584cc air-cooled OHV flat 4-cylinder engine Single Solex 34 PICT 3 carburetor 46bhp at 4,000rpm 4-speed manual transmission 4-wheel independent suspension 4-wheel hydraulic drum brakes *Lots of dealer installed options *Complete with top, side curtains, and wooden floormats *Nary a more perfect summer ride exists The Type 181The Thing Volkswagen's "Thing" had its roots in a military . The 1953 Refugee Relief Act defined refugee (someone in a non-Communist country fleeing persecution), escapee (someone fleeing communism), and expellee" (an ethnic German forced out of Eastern Europe). When did the United States enter World War I? b.) What was the Double Victory? C. an African American air squadron that conducted bombing raids over Europe. How were the Allies able to keep the planned invasion at Normandy a secret from the Nazis? They were the largest population centers in Japan. Savage fighting and heavy American casualties occurred in the battles on Iwo Jima and Okinawa. The population plummeted due to people going to fight overseas. The United States had the world's largest military force. Students reflect on the unit as a whole and begin to write a strong thesis statement for their essay. He believed that cutting off Germany's shipping routes on the Atlantic was the key to winning the war. Throughout the 1930s, most Americans opposed changing or adjusting the Johnson-Reed Act, fearing that immigrants, including those fleeing persecution, would compete for scarce jobs and burden public services in the midst of the Great Depression. Under this international treaty, a refugee was defined as "a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events, is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it.". Allied forces strategy during World War II. If a sentence has no predicate adjective, write None on the line provided. B. less denouncement Those men held power by selling everyone else a myth: The biggest threat to workers like you are . The 1921 quotas were enforced on Ellis Island, not at US consulates abroad. C. the British Royal Air Force . B. Life in the United States began to return to normal. D. The population stayed roughly the same as auto factories were converted to produce munitions. SAN FRANCISCO When Miya Iwataki and other Japanese Americans fought in the 1980s for the U.S. government to apologize to families it imprisoned during World War II, Black politicians and civil rights leaders were integral to the movement. Faced with Congressional inaction, he issued a statement, known as the "Truman Directive," on December 22, 1945, announcing that DPs would be granted priority for US visas within the existing quota system. On December 9, 1941two days after the attackUS President Franklin D. Roosevelt addressed the American people on the radio. Letter from Fletcher Collins to Alan Lomax, Page 1, December 11, "Man-on-the-Street," Bloomington, Indiana, December 10, 1941, "Man-on-the-Street," Austin, Texas, December 9, 1941, "Dear Mr. President," Tucson, Arizona, January or February 1942. Why were Japanese Americans interned during World War II? In what periods was the Mississippi River a national boundary, and why was control of the river important for the United States? d.) a.) C. make certain that the United States would stay neutral. The War against Poland: Speed and Brutality, The Jewish Ghettos: Separated from the World. Japan had a larger army and more airplanes and submarines than the Americans. b.) Why do you think Roosevelt compared the Germans to gangsters? WARSAW, Poland (AP) President Joe Biden, returning on Tuesday to the Polish castle where he spoke shortly after the Russian invasion of Ukraine last year, said the war had hardened Western resolve to defend democracy around the globe. What demographic effects did the war have on northern cities such as Detroit and Chicago? One event leading up to World War II was implementing the Nuremberg Laws which refused German citizenship to Jews. Under this international treaty, a refugee was defined as, "a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events, is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it. D. He thought that the United States would try to establish a permanent military presence in Western Europe. "Since the government guaranteed a profit on sales, our corporation accepted a defense contract. A major factor that led to US involvement in World War II was the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. "As a business owner, I had to begin to deduct a federal income tax from my employees' paychecks. Documenting Numbers of Victims of the Holocaust and Nazi Persecution, a world which still seemed to have no place for them. the Japanese were not expecting a U.S. offensive there. C) transform "undesirables" into productive members of society. The IRO also operated the International Tracing Service whose purpose was to help survivors find their families and learn the fate of loved ones. was able to return its focus to domestic issues. D. Japan feeling threatened by the U.S. presence in Asia and the Pacific. The project's staff believed that most commercial radio broadcasts of the day were dominated by programs created in the great urban centers and that these programs failed to reflect regional culture, local talent, and, in particular, the voices of the people speaking in their own words. "Defense contracts during the war were undesirable, because they required that businesses pay huge upfront costs." instituted the Congress of Racial Equality. Building on the economic base left after the war, American society became more affluent in the postwar years than most Americans could have imagined in their wildest dreams before or during the war. C) creating a military tribunal to punish those who participated in the Nazi genocide. d.) c.) "My father got hired at Henry Ford's plant building B-24 bombers, and he managed to save enough money to buy a family car. The United States remained neutral in . C. Almost every country in the world participated in World War II.Most were neutral at the beginning, but only a relatively few nations remained neutral to the end. A. c) it maintained control of the Philippines. The Soviet Union owed the United States a massive amount of debt. . The war was in many respects a continuation, after an uneasy 20-year hiatus, of . C. through the American Lend-Lease Act D. A) segregated Jews at every level of German society. Although the IRO constitution was drawn up in December 1946, the organization did not begin work until 1948, when the nations paying the majority of the IROs expenses had ratified the constitution. ", d.) B) provide the "Final Solution to the Jewish Question." Unit 3 Challenge Questions/ The United States, Sophia U.S. History 2 Unit 4 Milestone Study, Sophia.org U.S. History II - UNIT 4 - CHALLEN, Vulnerability Scans, Security and Controls, Sophia.org U.S. History II - FINAL MILESTONE, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, Donald Kagan, Frank M. Turner, Steven Ozment. growing their own food in "victory gardens.". Included in this presentation are Pete Seeger's "Dear Mr. President" and "The Martins and Coys.". 182, 186) exempted noncitizen service members from naturalization requirements related to age, race, residence, any educational tests, fees . They needed to wrest control of the Suez Canal and the oilfields in the Middle East from Italy first. "Dear Mr. President," Nashville, Tennessee, January or February "Dear Mr. President," New York, New York, January or February Letter from Alan Lomax to Wilhelmina Waters, April 3, 1942. B) save lives. One day after the attack, Congress officially declared war on Japan and entered World War 2 on the side of the Allied powers. D) executive vice-president of the International Monetary Fund, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self. "President Roosevelt nationalized the shipping and shipbuilding industries." These laws did not change in the 1930s, as desperate Jewish refugees attempted to immigrate from Nazi Germany. Origins. In 1950, Congress amended the Displaced Persons Act, an amendment Truman signed with very great pleasure. The Act authorized a total of 400,744 visas for displaced persons (of which 172,230 had been issued in the previous two years) and removed the geographical and chronological limits which had discriminated against Jewish DPs. a.) . B) The Nazi racial classification laws were officially put into effect. "As a business owner, I had to begin to deduct a federal income tax from my employees' paychecks. World War Two ended finally in the summer of nineteen forty-five. c.) C. . C) almost one third By June 1948 Truman had pushed for some sort of legislation on behalf of displaced persons for at least eighteen months. "The federal government encouraged us to continue producing consumer goods to keep American citizens happy. B) the coup which put Hitler into power in 1933. After Germanys annexation of Austria and with the advice of the State Department, a group of Jewish congressmen met and decided not to introduce any new legislation to expand immigration to aid Jewish refugees. The preamble mentions "the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind." Yet the United States would not enter the war until it was attacked directly. World War II is also known as the Second World War and it was a period of intense conflict which officially started on the 1st of September, 1939 and ended on the 2nd of September 1945. D. a German airborne force who rescued Mussolini from a mountaintop fortress in Italy. "As the war continued, the supply of weaponry became greater than demand and prices fell." A. A. defectors from the Soviet Union. C) the independence of former British colonies in the Middle East Polling also showed that more Americans supported immigration limits on Jewish DPs than on Germans who had left their homes fleeing Soviet occupation. C) about 15 years . The United States will probably no longer make aircraft, weapons, and transport available to England so carelessly, as it can be assumed that they will need these for their own war against Japan. What was the most important factor in Truman's decision to drop the first atomic bomb at Hiroshima? D) victory over the Axis Powers abroad and discrimination at home. President Roosevelt helped increase employment opportunities for African Americans when he concur\hspace{1cm}_______ing \hspace{1cm}______ed \hspace{1cm}______ent\hspace{1cm}______ence, Identify the following term or individual and explain their significance. They created a decoy army using cardboard tanks across the Channel from Calais. He personally directed the military buildup of troops and supplies. The gap in the labor force created by departing soldiers meant opportunities for women. D) The United States considered them enemy combatants. The sketch shown above is of "The Unconquered People," and describes the European resistance to Adolph Hitler and Germany on the part of . A) Spanish Civil War and World War II To divide the German army A. collect money for the war effort through the sale of war bonds. C. Native Americans recruited from nearby reservations in New Mexico. d.) B. By capturing nearby islands, the U.S. could install military bases to keep Japan in check. B. How long did it take for the value of U.S. imports to double after World War II? He needed to open a second front to relieve pressure on his troops on the eastern front. D. "The group that benefited most, economically, from wartime production was U.S soldiers." A. The 1941 recordings were made as a part of the the Library of Congress' Radio Research Project. b.) D. a pact signed by the Soviet Union and the United States agreeing to first focus on the war in the Pacific before turning their attention to defeating Germany. 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